The Protective Effect and Mechanism of Mild Hypothermia on Lung Injury after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pigs.

To explore the protective effect and mechanism of mild hypothermia on lung tissue damage after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs. In this experiment, we electrically stimulated 16 pigs (30 ± 2 kg) for 10 min to cause ventricular fibrillation. The successfully resuscitated animals were randomly divided into two groups, a mild hypothermia group and a control group. We took arterial blood 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h after ROSC recovery in the two groups of animals for blood gas analysis. We observed the structural changes of lung tissue under an electron microscope and calculate the wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratio. We quantitatively analyzed the expression differences of representative inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-α)] through the ELISA test. We detected the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 proteins in lung tissues by Western blot. After 3 h and 6 h of spontaneous circulation was restored, compared with the control group, PaO2/FiO2 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, the pathological changes, lung W/D and lung MDA of the mild hypothermia group were better than those of the control group. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue of the mild hypothermia group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The content of Caspase-3 and Bax in the mild hypothermia group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Our experiments have shown that mild hypothermia can reduce lung tissue damage after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to depression-like behaviors via hippocampal NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation in a postpartum depression mouse model.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a severe mental disorder that affects approximately 10---20% of women after childbirth. The precise mechanism underlying PPD pathogenesis remains elusive, thus limiting the development of therapeutics. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is considered to contribute to major depressive disorder. However, the associations between gut microbiota and PPD remain unanswered. Here, we established a mouse PPD model by sudden ovarian steroid withdrawal after hormone-simulated pseudopregnancy-human (HSP-H) in ovariectomy (OVX) mouse. Ovarian hormone withdrawal induced depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors and an altered gut microbiota composition. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from PPD mice to antibiotic cocktail-treated mice induced depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors and neuropathological changes in the hippocampus of the recipient mice. FMT from healthy mice to PPD mice attenuated the depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors as well as the inflammation mediated by the NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP)-3/caspase-1 signaling pathway both in the gut and the hippocampus, increased fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels and alleviated gut dysbiosis with increased SCFA-producing bacteria and reduced Akkermansia in the PPD mice. Also, downregulation of NLRP3 in the hippocampus mitigated depression-like behaviors in PPD mice and overexpression of NLRP3 in the hippocampal dentate gyrus induced depression-like behaviors in naïve female mice. Intriguingly, FMT from healthy mice failed to alleviate depression-like behaviors in PPD mice with NLRP3 overexpression in the hippocampus. Our results highlighted the NLRP3 inflammasome as a key component within the microbiota-gut-brain axis, suggesting that targeting the gut microbiota may be a therapeutic strategy for PPD.

Real-world effects of Yishen Tongbi decoction for rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study with validation against double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a globally challenging and refractory autoimmune disease, constituting a serious menace to human health. RA is characterized by recurrent pain and is difficult to resolve, necessitating prolonged medication for control. Yishen Tongbi decoction is a traditional Chinese herbal compound prescribed for treating RA. We have completed a 3-year RCT study that confirmed the clinical efficacy of Yishen Tongbi decoction for RA. Notably, we observed a faster clinical remission rate compared to MTX by week 4 of treatment. In our forthcoming study, we intend to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and safety of Yishen Tongbi decoction in the real-world treatment of RA through a prospective study. Methods and analysis: This prospective, multicenter, real-world observational study will be conducted at two designated centers in China from October 2023 to August 2025. The study will include 324 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. One group will receive Yishen Tongbi decoction combined with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). The other group will receive standard treatment. Standard treatment can be further divided into subgroups: csDMARDs, targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs), and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). In each group, the number of tender joints, number of swollen joints, pain score, patient global assessment, physician global assessment, disease activity index (DAS28-ESR or DAS28-CRP), clinical disease activity index (cDAI), simplified disease activity index (sDAI) and relevant laboratory data will be compared. Clinical indicators and disease activity of the patients will be assessed at baseline, week 4 and week 12 after the initiation of treatment. The primary outcome will be the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) attainment rate among patients at week 12 after treatment. Every adverse event will be reported. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the first affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of traditional Chinese Medicine (NO.K-2023-009). The results of the study will be published in national and international peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences. The researchers will inform participants and other RA patients of the results through health education. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html, identifier ChiCTR2300076073.

Protein kinase N1 level predicts acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery：A prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to examine the utility of protein kinase N1 (PKN1) as a biomarker of cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI). METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 110 adults undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery was conducted. The associations between post-operative PKN1 and CSA-AKI, AKI severity, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), duration of AKI, length of ICU stay and post-operative hospital stay were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients were categorized into three groups according to PKN1 tertiles. The incidence of CSA-AKI in the third tertile was 3.4-fold higher than that in the first. PKN1 was an independent risk factor for CSA-AKI. The discrimination of PKN1 to CSA-AKI assessed by ROC curve indicated that the AUC was 0.70, and the best cutoff was 5.025ng/mL. This group (>5.025ng/mL) was more likely to develop CSA-AKI (P<0.001). The combined AUC of EuroSCORE, aortic cross-clamp time and PKN1 was 0.82 (P<0.001). A higher level of PKN1 related to increased need for RRT, longer duration of AKI, and length of ICU and post-operative hospital stays. CONCLUSIONS: PKN1 could be a potential biomarker for the prediction of CSA-AKI. The combination of PKN1, EuroSCORE and aortic cross-clamp time were likely to predict the occurrence of CSA-AKI.

MEAs-Filter: a novel filter framework utilizing evolutionary algorithms for cardiovascular diseases diagnosis.

Cardiovascular disease management often involves adjusting medication dosage based on changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals' waveform and rhythm. However, the diagnostic utility of ECG signals is often hindered by various types of noise interference. In this work, we propose a novel filter based on a multi-engine evolution framework named MEAs-Filter to address this issue. Our approach eliminates the need for predefined dimensions and allows adaptation to diverse ECG morphologies. By leveraging state-of-the-art optimization algorithms as evolution engine and incorporating prior information inputs from classical filters, MEAs-Filter achieves superior performance while minimizing order. We evaluate the effectiveness of MEAs-Filter on a real ECG database and compare it against commonly used filters such as the Butterworth, Chebyshev filters, and evolution algorithm-based (EA-based) filters. The experimental results indicate that MEAs-Filter outperforms other filters by achieving a reduction of approximately 30% to 60% in terms of the loss function compared to the other algorithms. In denoising experiments conducted on ECG waveforms across various scenarios, MEAs-Filter demonstrates an improvement of approximately 20% in signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and a 9% improvement in correlation. Moreover, it does not exhibit higher losses of the R-wave compared to other filters. These findings highlight the potential of MEAs-Filter as a valuable tool for high-fidelity extraction of ECG signals, enabling accurate diagnosis in the field of cardiovascular diseases.

Electrocatalysis of nitrogen pollution: transforming nitrogen waste into high-value chemicals.

On 16 June 2023, the United Nations Environment Programme highlighted the severity of nitrogen pollution faced by humans and called for joint action for sustainable nitrogen use. Excess nitrogenous waste (NW: NO, NO2, NO2-, NO3-, etc.) mainly arises from the use of synthetic fertilisers, wastewater discharge, and fossil fuel combustion. Although the amount of NW produced can be minimised by reducing the use of nitrogen fertilisers and fossil fuels, the necessity to feed seven billion people on Earth limits the utility of this approach. Compared to current industrial processes, electrocatalytic NW reduction or CO2-NW co-reduction offers a potentially greener alternative for recycling NW and producing high-value chemicals. However, upgrading this technology to connect upstream and downstream industrial chains is challenging. This viewpoint focuses on electrocatalytic NW reduction, a cutting-edge technology, and highlights the challenges in its practical application. It also discusses future directions to meet the requirements of upstream and downstream industries by optimising production processes, including the pretreatment and supply of nitrogenous raw materials (e.g. flue gas and sewage), design and macroscopic preparation of electrocatalysts, and upscaling of reactors and other auxiliary equipment.

Organocatalyzed Enantioselective [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of C,N-Cyclic Ketimines and Allenoates.

We report a novel enantioselective and regioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition of allenoate and C,N-cyclic ketimine catalyzed by a quinidine derivative. The methodology enables the synthesis of fused tricyclic azetidines with a quaternary stereogenic center exhibiting high enantioselectivities. The broad range of substrates demonstrates the generality of the protocol, and the resulting functional products can be easily converted to a variety of valuable synthons. To elucidate the plausible reaction mechanism and how the catalyst affects absolute stereocontrol over the products, we conducted the corresponding density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Enrichment of microbial consortia for MEOR in crude oil phase of reservoir-produced liquid and their response to environmental disturbance.

Developing microbial consortiums is necessary for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) in heavy crude oil production. The aqueous phase of produced fluid has long been considered an ideal source of microorganisms for MEOR. However, it is recently found that rich microorganisms (including hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria) are present in the crude oil phase, which is completely different from the aqueous phase of produced fluid. So, in this study, the microbial consortia from the crude oil phase of produced fluids derived from four wells were enriched, respectively. The microbial community structure during passage was dynamically tracked, and the response of enriched consortia to successive disturbance of environmental factors was investigated. The results showed the crude oil phase had high microbial diversity, and the original microbial community structure from four wells was significantly different. After ten generations of consecutive enrichment, different genera were observed in the four enriched microbial consortia, namely, Geobacillus, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Chelativorans, Ureibacillus, and Ornithinicoccus. In addition, two enriched consortia (eG1614 and eP30) exhibited robustness to temperature and oxygen perturbations. These results further suggested that the crude oil phase of produced fluids can serve as a potential microbial source for MEOR.

Scalable expansion of human pluripotent stem cells under suspension culture condition with human platelet lysate supplementation.

The large-scale production of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including both embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), shows potential for advancing the translational realization of hPSC technology. Among multiple cell culture methods, suspension culture, also known as three-dimensional (3D) culture, stands out as a promising method to fulfill the large-scale production requirements. Under this 3D culture condition, cell expansion and the preservation of pluripotency and identity during long-term culture heavily relies on the culture medium. However, the xenogeneic supplements in culture medium remains an obstacle for the translation of cell and gene therapy applications from bench to bedside. Here, we tested human platelet lysate (hPL), a xeno-free and serum-free biological material, as a supplement in the 3D culture of hPSCs. We observed reduced intercellular variability and enhanced proliferation in both hESC and hiPSC lines. These cells, after extended culture in the hPL-supplemented system, maintained pluripotency marker expression, the capacity to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, and normal karyotype, confirming the practicability and safety of hPL supplementation. Furthermore, through RNA-sequencing analysis, we found an upregulation of genes associated with cell cycle regulations in hPL-treated cells, consistent with the improved cellular division efficiency. Taken together, our findings underscore the potential of hPL as a xeno-free and serum-free supplement for the large-scale production of hPSCs, which holds promise for advancing clinical applications of these cells.

Influencing factors of sleep disorders and sleep quality in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the influencing factors of sleep disorders and sleep quality in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational research. METHODS: The databases of the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, SinoMed database, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP were systematically searched. The quality of studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality evaluation criteria and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies were included, of which 20 were cross-sectional studies, eight were cohort studies, and 1 was a case-control study; 17 influencing factors were finally identified. Greater risk of sleep disturbance was associated with female gender, single relationship status, chronic disease, insomnia history, less exercise, lack of social support, frontline work, days served in frontline work, department of service, night shift, years of work experience, anxiety, depression, stress, received psychological assistance, worried about being infected, and degree of fear with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers did have worse sleep quality than the general population. The influencing factors of sleep disorders and sleep quality in healthcare workers are multifaceted. Identification and timely intervention of resolvable influencing factors are particularly important for preventing sleep disorders and improving sleep. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This is a meta-analysis of previously published studies so there was no patient or public contribution.

Structure-guided semi-rational design of an imine reductase for enantio-complementary synthesis of pyrrolidinamine.

In this study, engineered imine reductases (IREDs) of IRED M5, originally from Actinoalloteichus hymeniacidonis, were obtained through structure-guided semi-rational design. By focusing on mutagenesis of the residues that directly interact with the ketone donor moiety, we identified two residues W234 and F260, playing essential roles in enhancing and reversing the stereoselectivity, respectively. Moreover, two completely enantio-complementary variants S241L/F260N (R-selectivity up to 99%) and I149D/W234I (S-selectivity up to 99%) were achieved. Both variants showed excellent stereoselectivity toward the tested substrates, offering valuable biocatalysts for synthesizing pyrrolidinamines. Its application was demonstrated in a short synthesis of the key intermediates of potential drug molecules leniolisib and JAK1 inhibitor 4, from cheap and commercially available pro-chiral N-Boc-piperidone 1 (2 and 3 steps, respectively).

Semi-rational design of an imine reductase for asymmetric synthesis of alkylated S-4-azepanamines.

Although imine reductase (IRED)-catalyzed reductive amination is promising for the synthesis of alkylated chiral amines, precisely regulating the stereoselectivity of IRED remains a great challenge. Herein, focusing on the residues directly in contact with the ketone moiety, we applied structure-guided semi-rational design to obtain the triple-mutant I149Y/L200H/W234K. This mutant showed high stereoselectivity, of up to >99% (S), toward reductive amination of N-Boc-4-oxo-azepane and different amines, and to the best of our knowledge is the first biocatalyst developed for asymmetric synthesis of chiral azepane-4-amines.

Evaluation of dressings preventing facial medical device-related pressure injury in medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

AIM: This study systematically compared the efficacy of various dressings that may prevent facial medical device-related pressure injury (MRDPI) in medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical staff who are required to wear masks, goggles and other personal protective equipment (PPE) are susceptible to facial MRDPI, which exacerbates working conditions. Dressings can effectively prevent or alleviate MRDPI, but it is unclear which dressings are most effective. DESIGN: A systematic review and network meta-analysis, in accordance with PRISMA. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in four English and four Chinese databases to identify relevant studies published up to 8 September 2022. The selected studies were randomised controlled trials, with populations comprising medical staff who wore PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic and included an observation and control group. RESULTS: The network meta-analysis of the 12 selected articles showed that foam dressing, hydrocolloid dressing and petrolatum gauze were better than conventional protection for preventing MRDPI. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve indicated that foam dressing was the best preventative. CONCLUSION: Foam dressing is more effective than other dressings in preventing facial MRDPI in medical staff. When PPE must be worn for many hours, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic, medical staff can use foam dressings to prevent MRDPI. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The results support the use of dressings, especially foam dressings, to prevent MRDPI in healthcare workers. The appropriate dressings are recommended to prevent MRDPI associated with wearing PPE.

Targeted delivery of pexidartinib to tumor-associated macrophages via legumain-sensitive dual-coating nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy.

Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is regarded as an appealing cell target for cancer immunotherapy. However, it remains challenging to selectively eliminate M2-like TAM in tumor microenvironment. In this work, we employed a legumain-sensitive dual-coating nanosystem (s-Tpep-NPs) to deliver CSF-1R inhibitor pexidartinib (PLX3397) for targeting TAM therapy. The PLX3397-loaded NPs exhibited uniform size of ∼240 nm in diameter, good drug loading capacity and efficiency, as well as sustained drug release profile. Compared to non-sensitive counterpart ns-Tpep-NPs, s-Tpep-NPs showed distinguished selectivity upon M1 and M2 macrophage uptake with relation to incubation time and dose. Besides, the selectivity of anti-proliferation effect was also identified for s-Tpep-NPs against M1 and M2 macrophage. In vivo imaging demonstrated that s-Tpep-NPs exhibited much higher tumoral accumulation and TAM recognition specificity as compared to non-sensitive ns-Tpep-NPs. In vivo efficacy verified that s-Tpep-NPs formulation was much more effective than ns-Tpep-NPs and other PLX3397 formulations to treat B16F10 melanoma via targeting TAM depletion and modulating tumor immune microenvironment. Overall, this study provides a robust and promising nanomedicine strategy for TAM-targeted cancer immunotherapy.

Influencing factors of medical device-related pressure ulcers in medical personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influencing factors of medical device related pressure injury (MDRPU) in medical staff by meta-analysis. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted by PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and WanFang Data (from inception to July 27, 2022). Two researchers independently performed literature screening, quality evaluation and data extraction, and meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.4 and Stata12.0 software. RESULTS: Total of 11215 medical staff were included in 9 articles. Meta analysis showed that gender, occupation, sweating, wearing time, single working time, department of COVID-19, preventive measures, and level 3 PPE were the risk factors for MDRPU in medical staff (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The outbreak of COVID-19 led to the occurrence of MDRPU among medical staff, and the influencing factors should be focused on. The medical administrator can further improve and standardize the preventive measures of MDRPU according to the influencing factors. Medical staff should accurately identify high-risk factors in the clinical work process, implement intervention measures, and reduce the incidence of MDRPU.

Effects of acupuncture on obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: A meta-analysis.

Our study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of acupuncture in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Literature search of four Chinese databases and six English databases for studies published from the inception of each database to March 1, 2022 and identify relevant studies published in Chinese or English. Related randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for the treatment of OSAHS were included to analyze the efficacy of acupuncture. Two researchers independently reviewed all of the retrieved studies to screen for eligible studies and extract the required relevant data. Included studies were subjected to a methodological quality assessment using the Cochrane Manual 5.1.0, and to a meta-analysis using Cochrane Review Manager version 5.4. A total of 19 studies with 1365 participants were examined. Compared with the control group, the apnea-hypopnea index, lowest oxygen saturation, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and nuclear factor κ-B indicators all exhibited statistically significant changes. Thus, acupuncture was effective in alleviating the state of hypoxia and sleepiness and reduced the inflammatory response and disease severity among reported patients with OSAHS. Therefore, acupuncture could be widely used in the clinical treatment of OSAHS patients as a complementary strategy and warrants further study.

Incidence of facial pressure injuries in health-care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: To evaluate the incidence of facial pressure injuries in health-care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in a meta-analysis. METHODS: Related studies were obtained through electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP) China Biomedical Literature service systems (CBM) and Wanfang Data (from inception to 27 November 2021). The pooled incidence and the 95% confidence interval of facial pressure injuries were calculated with Review Manager v5.4 software. RESULTS: Overall, 16 studies with 14 430 health-care professionals were included. Pooled results showed that the pooled incidence of facial pressure injury in health-care professionals was 58.8% (95% CI: 49.0%-68.7%; p < 0.01). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of facial pressure injury in these staff was high, and predominantly stage I pressure injury, in the following cases: in health-care professionals who wore personal protective equipment for longer than 4 h, in those without any training experience, and on the nose. CONCLUSION: Administrators and researchers should pay attention to preventing facial pressure injury related to the wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) by ensuring all health-care professionals receive training and by limiting prolonged periods of use.

Evaluation of evidence of prevention and management of facial pressure injuries in medical staff.

AIM: This systematic review evaluated the quality of evidence for the prevention and management of facial pressure injuries in medical staff. DESIGN: This review was presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. METHODS: We retrieved the relevant studies from 19 databases. Using the literature evaluation standards and evidence grading system of the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center, we evaluated the quality of the literature encompassing different types of research and assessed their levels of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were included, including seven expert consensuses, two recommended practices, one clinical decision, one best practice information booklet, one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial. In the end, 31 best evidence were summarized, including skin cleaning and care, PPE placement and movement, reasonable use of dressings, treatment measures and education and training.

Comparison of the effects of litter decomposition process on soil erosion under simulated rainfall.

Overland flow parameters play a pivotal role in soil erosion, which are affected by litter cover in forests. In this study, the litter layer of Pinus massoniana (Masson pine) was divided into non-decomposed and semi-decomposed layers. Seven litter coverage mass gradients, two slopes (5° and 10°), and two rainfall intensities (60 and 120 mm·h-1) were used for a systematic study of the effects of litter layer changes on overland flow dynamic characteristics. The objectives of this study were to explore the soil erosion process in litter different decomposition stages; to explore various relationships between hydraulic variables and litter characteristics. In the process of litter decomposition, overland flow patterns changed from transitional flow to laminar flow and from rapid flow to slow flow. The semi-decomposed layer's Reynold's number (Re), resistance coefficient (f), and soil separation rate ([Formula: see text]) were lower than that of the non-decomposed layer under the same conditions. Litter coverage, runoff and the diameter of the litter were major parameters that affected the Re, f, Fr, and Dr. Shrubs with wide leaves should be selected for understory vegetation replanting. The results of this study are helpful to understand the mechanisms of litter influencing erosion processes in different decomposition stages.

Epigenetic regulation of aging: implications for interventions of aging and diseases.

Aging is accompanied by the decline of organismal functions and a series of prominent hallmarks, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. These aging-associated epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, and RNA modification, all of which participate in the regulation of the aging process, and hence contribute to aging-related diseases. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in aging will provide new avenues to develop strategies to delay aging. Indeed, aging interventions based on manipulating epigenetic mechanisms have led to the alleviation of aging or the extension of the lifespan in animal models. Small molecule-based therapies and reprogramming strategies that enable epigenetic rejuvenation have been developed for ameliorating or reversing aging-related conditions. In addition, adopting health-promoting activities, such as caloric restriction, exercise, and calibrating circadian rhythm, has been demonstrated to delay aging. Furthermore, various clinical trials for aging intervention are ongoing, providing more evidence of the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Here, we review recent work on the epigenetic regulation of aging and outline the advances in intervention strategies for aging and age-associated diseases. A better understanding of the critical roles of epigenetics in the aging process will lead to more clinical advances in the prevention of human aging and therapy of aging-related diseases.